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) By 1984, Columbia University used the same source code to build Kermit binaries for more than a dozen different CP/M systems, plus a generic version.

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Sams CP/M manual as compensation for Digital Research's documentation, which InfoWorld in 1982 described as atrocious. The Xerox 820 ran the operating system because 'where there are literally thousands of programs written for it, it would be unwise not to take advantage of it', Xerox said.

The companies chose to support CP/M because of its large library of software. Many different companies produced CP/M-based computers for many different markets the magazine stated that 'CP/M is well on its way to establishing itself as the small-computer operating system'. Initial success īy September 1981, Digital Research had sold more than 260,000 CP/M licenses InfoWorld stated that the actual market was likely larger because of sublicenses. was later renamed via a corporation change-of-name filing to Digital Research, Inc. The Kildalls intended to establish the Digital Research brand and its product lines as synonymous with 'microcomputer' in the consumer's mind, similar to what IBM and Microsoft together later successfully accomplished in making 'personal computer' synonymous with their product offerings. This renaming of CP/M was part of a larger effort by Kildall and his wife with business partner, Dorothy McEwen to convert Kildall's personal project of CP/M and the Intel-contracted PL/M compiler into a commercial enterprise. The CP/M name follows a prevailing naming scheme of the time, as in Kildall's PL/M language, and Prime Computer's PL/P ( Programming Language for Prime), both suggesting IBM's PL/I and IBM's CP/CMS operating system, which Kildall had used when working at the NPS.

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However, during the conversion of CP/M to a commercial product, trademark registration documents filed in November 1977 gave the product's name as 'Control Program for Microcomputers'. ĬP/M originally stood for 'Control Program/Monitor', a name which implies a resident monitor-a primitive precursor to the operating system. Other early developers of the CP/M base included Robert 'Bob' Silberstein and David 'Dave' K. She started by debugging CP/M 2.0, and later became influential as key developer for CP/M 2.2 and CP/M Plus. Kathryn Strutynski, a friend of Kildall from Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), became the fourth employee of Digital Research Inc. Under Kildall's direction, the development of CP/M 2.0 was mostly carried out by John Pierce in 1978. Within the year, demand for CP/M was so high that Digital Research was able to increase the license to tens of thousands of dollars. In 1977, the company was granted the license to use CP/M 1.0 for any micro they desired for $90. An early outside licensee of CP/M was Gnat Computers, an early microcomputer developer out of San Diego, California. Various aspects of CP/M were influenced by the TOPS-10 operating system of the DECsystem-10 mainframe computer, which Kildall had used as a development environment. It was written in Kildall's own PL/M ( Programming Language for Microcomputers). Gary Kildall originally developed CP/M during 1974, as an operating system to run on an Intel Intellec-8 development system, equipped with a Shugart Associates 8-inch floppy-disk drive interfaced via a custom floppy-disk controller. CP/M was eventually displaced by DOS following the 1981 introduction of the IBM PC.ĬP/M advertisement in the 29 November 1982 issue of InfoWorld magazine Early history

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An important driver of software innovation was the advent of (comparatively) low-cost microcomputers running CP/M, as independent programmers and hackers bought them and shared their creations in user groups.

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CP/M increased the market size for both hardware and software by greatly reducing the amount of programming required to install an application on a new manufacturer's computer.

This computer platform was widely used in business through the late 1970s and into the mid-1980s. The combination of CP/M and S-100 bus computers became an early standard in the microcomputer industry.

Initially confined to single-tasking on 8-bit processors and no more than 64 kilobytes of memory, later versions of CP/M added multi-user variations and were migrated to 16-bit processors. Intel 8080, Intel 8085, Zilog Z80, Zilog Z8000, Intel 8086, Motorola 68000ĬP/M, originally standing for Control Program/Monitor and later Control Program for Microcomputers, is a mass-market operating system created in 1974 for Intel 8080/ 85-based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc. Originally closed source, now open source